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Seasonal Forecasts

Temperature and precipitation outlooks on seasonal (multi-month) timescales.

Forecast

Current seasonal temperature and precipitation outlook maps and discussion. Released on or about the 15th of each month.

Using the forecast maps

Use the controls above each map to choose what it shows. On the seasonal page you can pick the forecast Source, the Type (precipitation or temperature) and the date the forecast was issued. On the subseasonal page you pick the Type, then the year, month and day of issue. The map updates as soon as you change a setting. The box of buttons on the map switches between the forecast periods in that issuance: target seasons on the seasonal map, forecast periods on the subseasonal map. The title changes to match the period you pick. You can zoom with the scroll wheel or the +/– buttons and drag to move around the map. Download PNG saves the period currently shown as an image, with its title and legend.

CCSR/IRI NMME Multi-Model Probability Forecast for Precipitation for
January-February-March Issued December 2022
Probability (%) of Most Likely Category
Below Normal
40
45
50
60
70+
Normal
40+
Above Normal
40
45
50
60
70+
Dry Season (No Forecast) Equal Odds

December 2022 Climate Forecast Discussion

Dec 2022 Climate Forecast Discussion for Jan-Mar through Apr-Jun 2023

Note: The IRI seasonal forecasts of precipitation and temperature issued this month are based on an objective calibration procedure that combines the NCEP-CFSv2, CanSIPS-IC3, COLA-RSMAS-CCSM4, and GFDL-SPEAR, and NASA-GEOSS2S models. The climatological base period for normal is 1991-2020

In November 2022, the equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central-eastern tropical Pacific Ocean remained cooler than normal, exhibiting persistent La Niña conditions (NINO3.4 index value in November 2022 was -0.93C). According to the early-December CPC ENSO forecast, La Niña and ENSO-neutral conditions are equally likely (50/50) during Jan-Mar 2023, with ENSO-neutral becoming the most likely category in subsequent three seasons (more than 70% chance in Feb-Apr, Mar-May, and Apr-Jun, 2023). The prolonged La Niña SST pattern in the tropical Pacific does impact the associated seasonal climate forecast, described below. No strong SST anomalies are present in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans in both observations and the forecast.

In Jan-Mar 2023, enhanced probabilities of below-normal precipitation are forecast for northwest Mexico and the southwestern US; these persist through the rest of the forecast period with gradual northward movement and declining values. Weakly enhanced probabilities of below-normal precipitation are forecast over parts of southeast Brazil/Uruguay and southern Australia during Feb-Apr onwards. Moderately enhanced probabilities of above-normal precipitation are forecast for northern South America, the Philippines, and southern Africa during Jan-Mar, Feb-Apr, and Mar-May 2023. In Feb-Mar 2023 and onwards, weakly enhanced probabilities of above-normal precipitation are forecast over parts of Southeast Asia and central China.

For temperature, increased probabilities of above-normal temperatures are forecast over many land areas, becoming particularly widespread from March-May onwards; these areas include the Maritime Continent, Asia, the Middle East, large parts of the African continent (northern parts), much of southern and southeastern US, eastern Canada, and southern South America during Jan-Mar and Feb-Apr 2023. Moderate probabilities of below-normal temperatures are forecasted over western Canada, northern South America, South Africa, and most of Madagascar, during Jan-Mar 2023 and onwards, although weakening gradually toward the end of the forecast period (except for Madagascar).

Citation

Kirtman, B., D. Min, J. Infanti, J. Kinter, D. Paolino, Q. Zhang, H. van den Dool, S. Saha, M. Mendez, E. Becker, P. Peng, P. Tripp, J. Huang, D. DeWitt, M. Tippett, A. Barnston, S. Li, A. Rosati, S. Schubert, M. Rienecker, M. Suarez, Z. Li, J. Marshak, Y. Lim, J. Tribbia, K. Pegion, W. Merryfield, B. Denis, and E. Wood, 2014: The North American Multimodel Ensemble: Phase-1 Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction; Phase-2 toward Developing Intraseasonal Prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 585–601, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1.