Research notes and updates from the team.
The SST anomaly in the NINO3.4 region during May-July 2025 season was -0.02 °C, and for July, it was -0.06 °C. The most recent weekly average (week centered on August 13, 2025) of the NINO3.4 index was -0.3 °C. The latest seasonal, monthly, and weekly values indicate that the tropical Pacific has been experiencing ENSO-neutral conditions.
Read more →During July 2025, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies remained in the ENSO-neutral range over the central-eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, with the monthly NINO3.4 anomaly index value at -0.06 °C. The weekly-averaged SST anomalies in the NINO3.4 region were -0.3 °C for the week centered on August 6, 2025.
Read more →The SST anomaly in the NINO3.4 region during Apr-Jun 2025 season was -0.05 °C, and for Jun 2025, it was +0.04 °C. The most recent weekly average (week centered on July 09, 2025) of the NINO3.4 index was +0.1 °C. The latest seasonal, monthly, and weekly values suggest that the tropical Pacific has been experiencing ENSO-neutral conditions.
Read more →During June 2025, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies remain in the ENSO-neutral range over the central-eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean with the monthly NINO3.4 anomaly index value of +0.04 °C. The weekly-averaged SST anomalies in the NINO3.4 region were +0.1 °C for the week centered on July 09, 2025. This indicates persistence of the ENSO-neutral phase.
Read more →The SST anomaly in the NINO3.4 region during Mar-May 2025 season was -0.03 °C, and for May 2025, it was -0.04 °C. The most recent weekly average (week centered on June 11, 2025) of the NINO3.4 index was -0.0 °C. The latest seasonal, monthly, and weekly values suggest that the tropical Pacific has been experiencing ENSO-neutral conditions.
Read more →During May 2025, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies remain in the ENSO-neutral range over the central-eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean with the monthly NINO3.4 anomaly index value of -0.04 °C. The weekly-averaged SST anomalies in the NINO3.4 region were -0.0 °C for the week centered on June 04, 2025. This indicates persistence of the ENSO-neutral phase.
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